What type of Bosniak renal cysts accompanies tumor masses in 5% of cases?
I
II
III
IV
Correct Answer :
B. II
in Bosniak types I throughout type IV, the percentages of accompanying malignancies are 0%, 5%, 55%, 100% respectively.
Related Questions
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for RCC?
type II DM, especially in males
hypertension
obesity, especially in females
cigarette smoking
In a localized RCC, local recurrence after tumor ablation therapy is managed by any of the following options, EXCEPT:
repeat ablation
active surveillance
salvage surgery
radical nephrectomy
d. hypertension
. Metastatic tumors to the kidney are common from all of the following organs, EXCEPT:
lungs
thyroid
breasts
Inherited renal cystic disease(s) include(s) the following:
glomerulocystic kidney disease (GCKD)
Juvenile nephronophthisis (JNPHP)
medullary cystic kidney disease
all of the above
What is false concerning end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?
ARPKD accounts for 5% of ESRD in children
more than one-half of patients with ARPKD require kidney transplant before age 20 years
ADPKD is a common cause of ESRD
uncommonly, juvenile nephronophthisis causes ESRD in children
The likelihood of malignancy in category IIF (indeterminate) renal cysts is:
20%
30%
40%
50%
Regarding simple renal cysts, fluid attenuation on non-contrast CT series is:
< - 10 HU
< - 20 HU
< 10 HU
< 20 HU
What is true regarding renal angiomyolipoma (AML)?
most classic AMLs eventually undergo malignant transformation to sarcomatoid and epithelioid AML
the preferred treatment is nephroureterectomy followed by active surveillance
angiographic embolization and/or nephron-sparing surgery is advised for symptomatic AMLs greater than 4 cm
extra-renal sites include the pancreas, salivary glands, and thyroids
What is false concerning metanephric adenoma?
radiographically, it is indistinguishable from RCC
has a female predominance
has a benign clinical course
has a peak incidence in the third decade of life
In RCC cases where IVC involvement with tumor thrombi are suspected, venacavography:
is the first and most reliable radiologic examination to study IVC thrombi
is reserved for patients with equivocal MRI or CT findings
is obsolete and has fallen out of use
carries a risk of IVC terrible bleeding that outweighs the diagnostic merits
d. renal vein thrombi can be resected after incising the vein between 2 vascular clamps
. Manifestations of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with RCC include all of the following, EXCEPT:
anemia and erythrocytosis
hepatic dysfunction and elevated human chorionic gonadotropin levels
hypocalcemia
Which of the following conditions carries the worst prognosis?
acquired cystic renal disease
juvenile nephronophthisis
medullary sponge kidney
bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney
Which of the following renal tumors carries the best prognosis?
fibrosarcoma
leiomyosarcoma
carcinoid
adult Wilm`s tumor
What type of renal adenomas is a precursor to papillary RCC?
adenoma with clear cell
papillary adenoma
metanephric adenoma
none of the above
After radical nephrectomy for organ-confined RCC, what is (are) the recommended surveillance radiologic examination(s)?
chest X-ray and abdominal ultrasonography every 3 months for the first year, and then annually for 3 years
annual chest X-ray for 3 years
abdominal and chest CT every 6 months for the first year, and then annually for 3 years
no radiological examination required
What can NOT be a manifestation of a renal tumor?
right hydrocele
left varicocele
painless hematuria
hypertension
Which of the following conditions carries the best prognosis?
acquired cystic renal disease
juvenile nephronophthisis
medullary sponge kidney
bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney
What is false concerning renal oncocytoma?
the central scar on CT or MRI, and the spoke-wheel pattern of vessels on angiograms are not specific to oncocytoma
calcification, necrosis, and hemorrhage are rare in oncocytomas
it is thought to arise from the basement membrane of proximal convoluted tubules
treatment is partial nephrectomy or tumor excision
What is false concerning renal malignancy?
RCC occurs in < 5% of patients with tuberous sclerosis
in glomerulocystic kidney disease, renal tumors are typically solitary, large, with central necrosis
in Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, renal tumors are frequently bilateral and multicentric
in acquired cystic disease, tumors are commonly bilateral, and metastatic in 15% of cases
What is false concerning renal angiomyolipoma (AML)?
most lesions ≤ 4 cm are asymptomatic
renal masses with fat content is pathognomonic for AML
renal biopsy from AML carries a high risk of hemorrhage
may coexist with malignant lesions, such as sarcomas and RCCs
d. unilateral RCC with a functioning opposite kidney, but at risk for future impairment
. What is the relapse rate for completely resected RCC after radical nephrectomy?
1- 10%
10 - 20%
20 - 30%
What is false regarding multiloculated cystic nephromas?
they follow a benign clinical course
they have a bimodal age distribution
they are more common in men than in women
none of the above
What is true regarding ADPKD patients?
progress to ESRD in the sixth decade of life
hypertension is seen in 80% of patients with ADPKD aged 20-34 years
aortic valve stenosis in 25%
manifestations are more significant in patients with the PKD2 genotype
What is the proper terminology of a renal cyst with the following characteristics: well-marginated, anechoic, with thin visible back wall, positive posterior acoustic enhancement, no septations, and no calcifications?
hyperattenuating renal cyst
solitary renal cyst
uncomplicated renal cyst
focal renal cyst
On ultrasonography, what are the percentages of incidentally discovered renal masses that will later be malignant on further workup?
70 - 85%
55 - 70%
40 - 55%
25 - 40%
The etiology of renal cysts includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
developmental cystic renal disease
inherited cystic renal disease
systemic disease with associated renal cysts
According to Fuhrmans classification system for nuclear grading in RCC, nuclear size of 20 μg with irregular outline and prominent nucleoli is grade:
1
2
3
4
What is the likelihood that simple renal cysts increase in size and number over time?
never
unlikely
likely
always
What is the most powerful single predictor of oncologic outcomes in RCC cases?
margin status and grade
tumor size
tumor stage
the time interval between the tumor emergence and excision
On histological examination of a resected renal tumor, the presence of multiple mitochondria observed on electron microscopy is diagnostic for:
renal oncocytoma
multiloculated cystic nephromas
metanephric adenoma
adenoma with clear cell