A. clear cell

B. chromophobe

C. papillary

D. renal medullary

A. multiloculated cystic nephromas

B. angiomyolipoma

C. metanephric adenoma

D. adenoma with clear cell

A. 20%

B. 30%

C. 40%

D. 50%

A. acquired cystic renal disease

B. juvenile nephronophthisis

C. medullary sponge kidney

D. bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney

A. the quality of the kidney and renal function prior to surgery

B. the quantity of vascularized parenchymal mass preserved after excision

C. the tumor

D. warm ischemia time

A. mutations in the MCKD1 (chromosome 1q21) gene

B. mutations in the MCKD2 (chromosome 16q12) gene

C. inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion

D. all of the above

A. physically active patients with good performance status

B. extirpation of the primary tumor

C. long disease-free interval between initial nephrectomy and the emergence of secondaries

D. all of the above

A. . The second most common RCC subtype is:

B. collecting duct b. clear cell

C. papillary

D. chromophobe

A. they follow a benign clinical course

B. they have a bimodal age distribution

C. they are more common in men than in women

D. none of the above

A. at autopsy

B. by staining positive for human melanoma black (HMB)-45

C. by fine-needle aspiration cytology

D. by exclusion

A. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)

B. developmental cystic renal disease

C. inherited cystic renal disease

D. systemic disease with associated renal cysts

A. radiographically, it is indistinguishable from RCC

B. has a female predominance

C. has a benign clinical course

D. has a peak incidence in the third decade of life

A. . What is NOT an indication for simple nephrectomy?

B. symptomatic chronic renal infection with poor function

C. some cases of renovascular hypertension

D. symptomatic calculus disease with poor renal function

A. autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

B. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

C. multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

D. juvenile nephronophthisis

A. . What is false concerning targeted molecular therapy?

B. is a personalized medical therapy devised to meet each persons individual needs for cancer`s specifications

C. treats cancer by interrupting unique molecular abnormalities that drive cancer growth

D. some cancer types have different molecular targets

A. RCC

B. AML

C. teratoma

D. any of the above

A. never

B. unlikely

C. likely

D. always

A. most lesions ≤ 4 cm are asymptomatic

B. renal masses with fat content is pathognomonic for AML

C. renal biopsy from AML carries a high risk of hemorrhage

D. may coexist with malignant lesions, such as sarcomas and RCCs

A. is > 90% in Bosniak type IV renal cysts

B. in patients receiving renal transplants for polycystic kidney disease is 48% higher than that expected in the general population

C. all of the above

D. simple renal cysts might turn malignant in < 4% of cases

A. ARPKD accounts for 5% of ESRD in children

B. more than one-half of patients with ARPKD require kidney transplant before age 20 years

C. ADPKD is a common cause of ESRD

D. uncommonly, juvenile nephronophthisis causes ESRD in children

A. fibrosarcoma

B. leiomyosarcoma

C. carcinoid

D. adult Wilm`s tumor

A. 70 - 85%

B. 55 - 70%

C. 40 - 55%

D. 25 - 40%

A. right hydrocele

B. left varicocele

C. painless hematuria

D. hypertension

A. clear cell

B. chromophobe

C. papillary

D. renal medullary

A. progress to ESRD in the sixth decade of life

B. hypertension is seen in 80% of patients with ADPKD aged 20-34 years

C. aortic valve stenosis in 25%

D. manifestations are more significant in patients with the PKD2 genotype

A. nuclear size, outline, and nucleoli

B. cohesiveness and the degree of cellular atypia

C. chromatin structure and content of the interphase nucleus

D. multinucleation and mitosis

A. repeat ablation

B. active surveillance

C. salvage surgery

D. radical nephrectomy

A. . What is false concerning imaging studies for preoperative evaluation of RCC case?

B. in case of bone pain or elevated serum calcium and/or alkaline phosphatase levels, an isotopic bone scan is required

C. renal arteriography accurately localizes central scaring and tumor necrosis

D. trans-esophageal echocardiography helps assess vena caval and right atrial tumor thrombi

A. margin status and grade

B. tumor size

C. tumor stage

D. the time interval between the tumor emergence and excision

A. . What is the most common histologic subtype of renal sarcomas?

B. rhabdomyosarcoma

C. nephrosarcoma

D. leiomyosarcoma

A. abdominal CT

B. chest X-ray

C. renal function test

D. liver function test