they follow a benign clinical course
they have a bimodal age distribution
they are more common in men than in women
none of the above
C. they are more common in men than in women
. What is false regarding radical nephrectomy operation?
nodal involvement doesn`t influence prognosis
renal artery should be ligated before the vein to avoid kidney ballooning
cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest is performed in patients with supra-diaphragmatic tumor thrombi
right hydrocele
left varicocele
painless hematuria
hypertension
. What is an indication for radical nephrectomy?
a 6-cm, polar tumor
bilateral RCC
locally advanced RCC
the central scar on CT or MRI, and the spoke-wheel pattern of vessels on angiograms are not specific to oncocytoma
calcification, necrosis, and hemorrhage are rare in oncocytomas
it is thought to arise from the basement membrane of proximal convoluted tubules
treatment is partial nephrectomy or tumor excision
. Manifestations of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with RCC include all of the following, EXCEPT:
anemia and erythrocytosis
hepatic dysfunction and elevated human chorionic gonadotropin levels
hypocalcemia
mutations in the MCKD1 (chromosome 1q21) gene
mutations in the MCKD2 (chromosome 16q12) gene
inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion
all of the above
RCC
AML
teratoma
any of the above
nuclear size, outline, and nucleoli
cohesiveness and the degree of cellular atypia
chromatin structure and content of the interphase nucleus
multinucleation and mitosis
. Metastatic tumors to the kidney are common from all of the following organs, EXCEPT:
lungs
thyroid
breasts
. What is false concerning imaging studies for preoperative evaluation of RCC case?
in case of bone pain or elevated serum calcium and/or alkaline phosphatase levels, an isotopic bone scan is required
renal arteriography accurately localizes central scaring and tumor necrosis
trans-esophageal echocardiography helps assess vena caval and right atrial tumor thrombi
80%
85%
90%
95%
acquired cystic renal disease
juvenile nephronophthisis
medullary sponge kidney
bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney
< - 10 HU
< - 20 HU
< 10 HU
< 20 HU
. What is NOT an indication for simple nephrectomy?
symptomatic chronic renal infection with poor function
some cases of renovascular hypertension
symptomatic calculus disease with poor renal function
. What is the relapse rate for completely resected RCC after radical nephrectomy?
1- 10%
10 - 20%
20 - 30%
RCC occurs in < 5% of patients with tuberous sclerosis
in glomerulocystic kidney disease, renal tumors are typically solitary, large, with central necrosis
in Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, renal tumors are frequently bilateral and multicentric
in acquired cystic disease, tumors are commonly bilateral, and metastatic in 15% of cases
adenoma with clear cell
papillary adenoma
metanephric adenoma
none of the above
repeat ablation
active surveillance
salvage surgery
radical nephrectomy
hyperattenuating renal cyst
solitary renal cyst
uncomplicated renal cyst
focal renal cyst
abdominal CT
chest X-ray
renal function test
liver function test
glomerulocystic kidney disease (GCKD)
Juvenile nephronophthisis (JNPHP)
medullary cystic kidney disease
all of the above
renal oncocytoma
multiloculated cystic nephromas
metanephric adenoma
adenoma with clear cell
70 - 85%
55 - 70%
40 - 55%
25 - 40%
papillary subtype of RCC has a tendency to multifocality
chromosome 13 alterations are common in the development of clear cell renal carcinoma
a solid mass on CT that enhances more than 15 HU is suggestive of RCC
bilateral involvement in RCC either synchronously or metachronously occurs in 2% to 4% of patients
male gender
hypertension
renal insufficiency
all of the above
radiographically, it is indistinguishable from RCC
has a female predominance
has a benign clinical course
has a peak incidence in the third decade of life
multiloculated cystic nephromas
angiomyolipoma
metanephric adenoma
adenoma with clear cell
hepatic cysts are the most common extra-renal manifestation
might experience cyst hemorrhage, renal infection, or nephrolithiasis
typically, complain of flank pain or intermittent hematuria in the early twenties
hypertension and CRF commonly occur in the fifth decade of life
. The second most common RCC subtype is:
collecting duct b. clear cell
papillary
chromophobe
. What is false concerning targeted molecular therapy?
is a personalized medical therapy devised to meet each persons individual needs for cancer`s specifications
treats cancer by interrupting unique molecular abnormalities that drive cancer growth
some cancer types have different molecular targets