0 minute
5 minutes
10 minutes
renal parenchyma does not appear on IVU
A. 0 minute
RCC
metastases
angiomyolipoma
oncocytoma
take urine acidifiers
withhold metformin the day before the study and restart 48 hrs. later
get premedicated by steroids and antihistamines
decrease metformin dose and turn to insulin
hydrocalicosis
extrarenal pelvis
parapelvic cyst
class 2 Bosniak renal cyst
preparation for donor nephrectomy
advanced RCC in the right kidney
renal artery stenosis
oncocytoma in the left kidney
RCC
metastases
angiomyolipoma
oncocytoma
class 1
class 2
class 3
class 4
blood clot
fibro-epithelial polyp
sloughed renal papilla
all of the above
an elimination T ½ < 10 minutes indicates obstructed system
the diuretic must be given at the maximum kidney activity
If ureteral stents are in place, the bladder catheter must be unclamped
99mTc-MAG3 is the agent of choice to study differential renal function and obstruction
hippuran I-131
technetium-99m
gallium-67
indium-111labelled WBC
can be mistaken for a ureteral stone
is a small single, usually spiky, calcification within a vein
the amount of phleboliths increases with age
appears more often on the left than on the right side of the pelvis
dark
intermediate
bright
none of the above
peripheral zone of the prostate
ejaculatory duct
tip of the right seminal vesicle
tip of the left lateral lobe of the prostate
epididymal cysts
testicular tumors
renal stones
penile vasculature
nuclear medicine
ultrasonography
X-ray fluoroscopy
intravenous urography
seminoma
embryonal cell tumor
mixed germ cell tumor
epidermoid cyst
small non-obstructive calculi might be missed at MRU performed for the evaluation of hematuria
in pediatrics, performing a dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging helps in evaluating crossing vessels in the setting of UPJ obstruction
the success of static-fluid MR urography depends on the presence of fluid within the urinary system regardless of renal function
MRU at 3T, carries the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
MRI
CT
ultrasound
all are comparable
unilateral hydrocele
bilateral varicocele
calcifications at the renal area on plain KUB film
painless hematuria
bleeding angiomyolipomas
an alternative to nephrectomy in severe uncontrolled hypertension among patients with end-stage renal disease
renal artery aneurysms or symptomatic AV malformations
all of the above
air
water
fat
bone
reliable tool to exclude urinary calculi
calcifications at renal area might lead to the discovery of renal cancers
can detect soft tissues
fecoliths and phleboliths could be mistaken for calculi
using bladder scanner
measuring the voided urine
using abdominal ultrasonography
performing urinary catheterization
the classic blue dot sign
thick, short, edematous spermatic cord
absence of intratesticular blood flow
increased epididymal blood flow
advanced prostatic cancer
central diabetes insipidus
pituitary adenoma
a & c
embolizing the non-target artery might occur
severe pain at the renal area could occur
complications depend on the embolic agent
reactive left pulmonary edema
0 minute
5 minutes
10 minutes
renal parenchyma does not appear on IVU
evaluation of probable ureteral obstruction
in conjunction with ureteroscopy
evaluation of hematuria
evaluation of probable ureterovesical reflux
coning at the bulbar urethra is normal
segmental narrowing at bulbar urethra is normal
multiple round filling defects could be air bubbles
indicated in urethral trauma cases
evaluating a probable bladder rupture
evaluating a probable colovesical or vesicovaginal fistulae
evaluating a probable intravesical pathology
evaluating a probable bladder diverticula
epinephrine
atropine
hydrocortisone
antihistamine