Malleable iron
Nodular iron
Spheroidal iron
Grey iron
A. Malleable iron
63 to 67% nickel and 30% copper
88% copper and 10% tin and rest zinc
Alloy of tin, lead and cadmium
Silver and chromium
Improvement of casting characteristics
Improvement of corrosion resistance
One of the best known age and precipitation hardening systems
Improving machinability
Alloy and carbon tool steel
Magnet steel
High speed tool steel
All of these
Core defects
Surface defects
Superficial defects
Temporary defects
Grain growth, recrystallisation, stress relief
Stress relief, grain growth, recrystallisation
Stress relief, recrystallisation, grain growth
Grain growth, stress relief, recrystallisation
80% or more iron
50% or more iron
Alloying elements like chromium, tungsten nickel and copper
Elements like phosphorus, sulphur and silicon in varying quantities
Malleability
Ductility
Surface finish
Damping characteristics
Strength
Stiffness
Brittleness
Toughness
Does not effect
Decreases
Increases
None of these
Duralumin
Y-alloy
Magnalium
Hindalium
Same
Less
More
None of these
Controls the grade of pig iron
Acts as an iron bearing mineral
Supplies heat to reduce ore and melt the iron
Forms a slag by combining with impurities
Low carbon steel
High carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
Chrome steel
Face centred cubic space lattice
Body centred cubic space lattice
Close packed hexagonal space lattice
None of these
Increase hardenability
Reduce machinability
Increase wear resistance
Increase endurance strength
Cobalt
Nickel
Vanadium
Iron
Equal to
Less than
More than
None of these
Free form
Combined form
Nodular form
Partly in free and partly in combined state
Brass
Bronze
Gun metal
Muntz metal
0.1 to 0.5 %
0.5 to 1 %
1 to 5 %
5 to 10 %
50 : 20 : 20 : 10
40 : 30 : 20 : 10
50 : 20 : 10 : 20
30 : 20 : 30 : 20
Ferrite and cementite
Cementite and gamma iron
Ferrite and austenite
Ferrite and iron graphite
Nickel and copper
Nickel and chromium
Nickel, Chromium and iron
Copper and chromium
Bessemer process
Open hearth process
Electric process
LD process
Greater than 7
Less than 7
Equal to 7
pH value has nothing to do with neutral solution
Calcined ore (8 parts), coke (4 parts) and limestone (1 part)
Calcined ore (4 parts), coke (1 part) and limestone (8 parts)
Calcined ore (1 part), coke (8 parts) and limestone (4 parts)
Calcined ore, coke and limestone all in equal parts
50 : 50
30 : 70
70 : 30
40 : 60
Face centered cubic space lattice
Body centered cubic space lattice
Close packed hexagonal space lattice
None of these
Cementite
Free carbon
Flakes
Nodular aggregates of graphite
Chromium
Nickel
Vanadium
Manganese