Wholly pearlite
Wholly austenite
Pearlite and ferrite
Pearlite and cementite
A. Wholly pearlite
0.5% of phosphorous
1% phosphorous
2.5% phosphorous
None of the above
Grey cast iron, low carbon steel, wrought iron
Low carbon steel, grey cast iron, wrought iron
Wrought iron, low carbon steel, grey cast iron
Wrought iron, grey cast iron, low carbon steel
Sulphur
Phosphorus
Manganese
Silicon
Hard
High in strength
Highly resistant to corrosion
Heat treated to change its properties
Cast iron
Vitrified clay
Asbestos cement
Concrete
Providing corrosion resistance
Improving machining properties
Providing high strength at elevated temperatures
Raising the elastic limit
High resistance to rusting and corrosion
High ductility
Ability of hold protective coating
Uniform strength in all directions
Aluminium, copper etc.
Nickel, molybdenum etc.
Nickel, Copper, etc.
All of the above
Electroplating
Cyaniding
Induction hardening
Nitriding
Ferrite
Pearlite
Austenite
Ferrite and cementite
Nickel, copper
Nickel, molybdenum
Zinc, tin, lead
Nickel, lead and tin
Cast iron
Cast steel
Brass
Admiralty metal
Naked eye
Optical microscope
Metallurgical microscope
X-ray techniques
Cast iron
Mild steel
Nonferrous materials
Stainless steel
Blackheart cast iron
White-heart cast iron
Both (A) and (B)
None of these
Promotes decarburisation
Provides high hot hardness
Forms very hard carbides and thus increases wear resistance
Promotes retention of austenite
Duralumin
Y-alloy
Magnalium
Hindalium
By forming a bulge
By shearing along oblique plane
In direction perpendicular to application of load
By crushing into thousands of pieces
In which atoms align themselves in a geometric pattern upon solidification
In which there is no definite atomic structure and atoms exist in a random pattern just as in a liquid
Which is not attacked by phosphorous
Which emits fumes on melting
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties
Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anticorrosion properties
Eutectic cast irons
Hypoeutectic cast irons
Hypereutectic cast irons
None of these
600 VPN
1500 VPN
1000 to 1100 VPN
250 VPN
Cementite
Free graphite
Both A and B
None of these
Body centred cubic
Face centred cubic
Hexagonal close packed
Cubic structure
Equal to
Less than
More than
None of these
Low wear resistance
Low hardness
Low tensile strength
Toughness
There is no change in grain size
The average grain size is a minimum
The grain size increases very rapidly
The grain size first increases and then decreases very rapidly
Lead base alloy
Copper base alloy
Tin base alloy
Cadmium base alloy
Hot hardness
Toughness
Wear resistance
Sharp cutting edge
Iron
Copper
Aluminium
Nickel