immediately
after 2 hrs.
after 12 hrs.
after 24 hrs.
B. after 2 hrs.
there are 4 surgical segments of the kidney, based on the segmental artery distribution
along the kidney convexity, there is an avascular plane
there are no collaterals between segmental arteries
in < 10%, the posterior branch is the first to branch off the renal artery
43 ml/hr of normal saline
78 ml/hr of ¼ normal saline
69 ml/hr of ½ normal saline
54 ml/hr of ¼ normal saline
spermine
acid phosphatase
PSA
semenoglobulin
16
32
64
90
prostatic fascia and levator fascia
prostate capsule and prostatic fascia
Denonvilliers fascia and prostate capsule
Denonvilliers fascia and endopelvic fascia
dehydration
myoglobinuria
high doses of vitamin C
all of the above
hypercholesterolemia
hyperuricemia
hypoglycemia
hypercalcemia
increases semen volume
has antimicrobial activity
liquefies the seminal coagulum
decreases semen pH
central then transitional
peripheral then transitional
peripheral then central
transitional then central
trauma to the prostate
digital rectal examination
urinary retention
prostatitis
terazosin, antihypertensive
benzodiazepines, psychotropic medicine
levodopa, anti-Parkinsonism medicine
brimonidine, glaucoma eye drops
loop diuretics
thiazide diuretics
potassium sparing diuretics
osmotic diuretics
α1-A
α2-A
α1-B
α2-B
finasteride
prazosin
silodosin
vardenafil
4 to 6
7 to 9
10 to 12
13 to 14
has a limited cross-resistance with most common antibacterial agents
causes injection site reactions
is active against most uropathogens
is effective as a single-dose agent
alkylating agents
phenothiazines
antiandrogens
prostaglandins
human kallikrein 2
pro-PSA
free PSA
complexed PSA
immediately
after 2 hrs.
after 12 hrs.
after 24 hrs.
ribosome
mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
von Hippel-Lindau disease
tuberous sclerosis
Sturge-Webber syndrome
influenced by food and medications
renal stones form at the extremes of pH range
reliable only when measured by 24 hr. urine collection
ranges from 4 7
as it distends, it peels off the peritoneum from the abdominal wall
the interureteric ridge is located between the 2 ureteric orifices and the uvula vesicae
Waldeyer`s sheath covers only the distal ureter and forms the deep trigone
in adults, it is percussible over the abdomen when contains at least 150 ml
decrease plasma estradiol levels
increase plasma testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin levels
suppression of suprarenal androgens
exaggerated pituitary response to feedback hormones
are cross ectopic
are at their normal position
travel with the kidneys
undergo ischemic atrophy
inherited chromosomal-mediated resistance
acquired chromosomal-mediated resistance
extrachromosomal-mediated resistance
all of the above
ice slush
heparin
norepinephrine
methylene blue
allopurinol
aminoglycosides
cimetidine
all of the above
sodium bicarbonate
phyto soya
ascorbic acid
sol palmetto
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Chlamydia trachomatis
E. coli
Neisseria gonorrhea