Room temperature
Near melting point
Between 1400°C and 1539°C
Between 910°C and 1400°C
D. Between 910°C and 1400°C
0.1 to 0.5 %
0.5 to 1 %
1 to 5 %
5 to 10 %
Sulphur, lead, phosphorous
Silicon, aluminium, titanium
Vanadium, aluminium
Chromium, nickel
Removing the impurities like clay, sand etc. from the iron ore by washing with water
Expelling moisture, carbon dioxide, sulphur and arsenic from the iron ore by heating in shallow kilns
Reducing the ore with carbon in the presence of a flux
All of the above
Mild steel
Copper
Nickel
Aluminium
0.1 to 0.3 %
0.3 to 0.6 %
0.6 to 0.8 %
0.8 to 1.5 %
30°C to 50°C above upper critical temperature
30°C to 50°C below upper critical temperature
30°C to 50°C above lower critical temperature
30°C to 50°C below lower critical temperature
65% nickel, 15% chromium and 20% iron
68% nickel, 29% copper and 3% other constituents
80% nickel and 20% chromium
80% nickel, 14% chromium and 6% iron
Nickel
Chromium
Nickel and chromium
Sulphur, lead and phosphorus
Sulphur
Vanadium
Tin
Zinc
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
Metallic bond
None of these
Boron steel
High speed steel
Stainless steel
Malleable cast iron
Manganese
Magnesium
Nickel
Silicon
Sulphur
Phosphorus
Manganese
Silicon
Body centered cubic
Face centred cubic
Hexagonal close packed
Cubic structure
3 m
6 m
9 m
12 m
Coordination number
Atomic packing factor
Space lattice
None of these
Amorphous material
Mesomorphous material
Crystalline material
None of these
B.C.C. crystalline structure
F.C.C. crystal structure
H.C.P. structure
A complex cubic structure
Elastic properties in all directions
Stresses induced in all directions
Thermal properties in all directions
Electric and magnetic properties in all directions
Line defect
Surface defect
Point defect
None of these
0.2 %
0.5 %
0.8 %
1.0 %
Tin, antimony, copper
Tin and copper
Tin and lead
Lead and zinc
Improvement of casting characteristics
Improvement of corrosion resistance
One of the best known age and precipitation hardening systems
Improving machinability
Molecular change
Physical change
Allotropic change
Solidus change
At which crystals first start forming from molten metal when it is cooled
At which new spherical crystals first begin to form from the old deformed one when a strained metal is heated
At which change of allotropic form takes place
At which crystals grow bigger in size
Promotes decarburisation
Provides high hot hardness
Forms very hard carbides and thus increases wear resistance
Promotes retention of austenite
Providing corrosion resistance
Improving machining properties
Providing high strength at elevated temperatures
Raising the elastic limit
Current
Voltage
Frequency
Temperature
Soft and gives a coarse grained crystalline structure
Soft and gives a fine grained crystalline structure
Hard and gives a coarse grained crystalline structure
Hard and gives a fine grained crystalline structure
There is no change in grain size
The average grain size is a minimum
The grain size increases very rapidly
The grain size first increases and then decreases very rapidly