Which of the following might cause sterile pyuria?
renal tuberculosis
urinary tract stones
interstitial cystitis
all of the above
Correct Answer :
D. all of the above
sterile pyuria might be caused by all of the listed causes in addition to renal papillary necrosis: diabetes, sickle cell disease, analgesic nephropathy, and other.
Related Questions
What is the nature of the prostate-specific antigen?
protease
lyase
carboxylase
hydrolase
What causes ureteral dilation during pregnancy is:
mechanical compression by the gravid uterus
physiological increase urine flow during pregnancy
elevated levels of progesterone
reflex inhibition of ureteral contractions
Which structure is a part of the renal hilum?
renal pelvis
branches of the renal artery
tributaries of renal vein
all of the above
What causes Cushing`s disease is:
bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
pituitary over secretion of ACTH
exogenous administration of glucocorticoids
immune-mediated disease
The mature genitourinary system develops from all of the following embryonic sources, EXCEPT:
intermediate mesoderm
mesothelium of celomic cavity
endoderm of the urogenital sinus
somatic ectoderm
Which class of the following diuretics could cause erectile dysfunction?
loop diuretics
thiazide diuretics
potassium sparing diuretics
osmotic diuretics
What increases blood volume and pressure in corpora cavernosa during erection is:
increase in sympathetic discharge
contraction of ischiocavernosa and bulbocavernosa muscles
increase arterial flow and closure of emissary veins
shunting of blood from the dorsal to the central cavernosal artery
Hematuria of glomerular origin is associated with:
significant proteinuria, dysmorphic RBCs, RBC casts
glycosuria, eumorphic RBCs, WBC casts
hypercalciuria, eumorphic RBCs, granular casts
proteinuria, dysmorphic RBCs, hyaline casts
What are the posterior relations of the kidneys?
quadratus lumborum and diaphragm
psoas and diaphragm
psoas and latissimus dorsi
transversus abdominus and paraspinous
Which of the following is false regarding Addison`s disease?
autoimmune disease in 70% of the cases
diagnosed by the rapid ACTH stimulation test
characterized by low serum sodium and high potassium
may coexist with hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus
Which agent is safe to kidneys?
amoxicillin
gentamycin
diclofenac
herb extract
What is the prime effect of antidiuretic hormone on kidneys?
increase collecting duct permeability
increase medullary blood flow
decrease cortical blood flow
decrease potassium secretion
Which part of the prostate prevents the seminal fluid from entering the bladder during ejaculation?
central zone
peripheral zone
preprostatic tissue
anterior fibromuscular stroma
What fascial layer(s) cover(s) the prostate?
Denonvilliers fascia
prostatic fascia
levator fascia
all of the above
Which α- adrenergic receptor subtype mediates smooth muscle contraction of the prostate?
α1-A
α2-A
α1-B
α2-B
All of the following conditions are related to obesity syndrome, EXCEPT:
super fertility
increase aromatization reaction
increase resistance to circulating insulin
sleep apnea
Which of the following process(es) is (are) reversible?
5α-reductase enzyme reduces testosterone to DHT
aromatase enzyme reduces testosterone to estrogen
PSA molecule binds to α1-antichymotrypsin and α2-macroglobulin
none of the above
Which of the following does NOT increase in prostate cancer?
human kallikrein 2
pro-PSA
free PSA
complexed PSA
Which period of intrauterine life does the process of organ formation (organogenesis) take place?
9 12 weeks
12 15 weeks
15 18 weeks
18 21 weeks
Which of the prostate medications could result in retrograde ejaculation?
tamsulosin
doxazosin
dutasteride
alfuzosin
What helps in treating Candida albicans cystitis is:
sodium bicarbonate
phyto soya
ascorbic acid
sol palmetto
Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypocitraturia?
high protein diet
hypokalaemia
proximal renal tubular acidosis
idiopathic
Which of the following hormones, primarily, controls spermatogenesis?
GnRH
testosterone
LH
FSH
What is the most likely cause of large scrotal hematoma in neonates?
clotting factor VIII deficiency
clotting factor IX deficiency
breech delivery
scrotal cavernous haemangioma
Which antibiotic is the best to treat soft tissue infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitalized patients?
vancomycin
cefotaxime
penicillin G
tobramycin
Which of the following lab results indicates prerenal failure?
serum BUN : creatinine > 20
urine [Na] < 30 mEq/L
Na excretion fraction < 1
all of the above
Which of the prostate medications could result in significant hypotension?
finasteride
prazosin
silodosin
vardenafil
Which innervations mediate detumescence?
cavernous nerves
dorsal nerves of the penis
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
At what month of intra-uterine life do testes descend into the scrotum with the aid of the intra-abdominal pressure and the gubernacula?
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
How can hyperuricosuria cause calcium oxalate calculi?
by increasing oxalate absorption
by heterogeneous nucleation
by inducing hyperoxaluria
by reducing urate crystals saturation