renal tuberculosis
renal abscess
renal cell carcinoma
angiomyolipoma
A. renal tuberculosis
obstruction of the upper urinary tract may increase renal pelvis pressure and delay or decrease pelvis peristaltic rates
measured by color Doppler flow mapping in transverse scans at the suprapubic region
patients with ureteral stents are the ideal
adequate hydration is necessary
0 minute
5 minutes
10 minutes
renal parenchyma does not appear on IVU
renal tuberculosis
renal abscess
renal cell carcinoma
angiomyolipoma
reliable tool to exclude urinary calculi
calcifications at renal area might lead to the discovery of renal cancers
can detect soft tissues
fecoliths and phleboliths could be mistaken for calculi
hydrocalicosis
extrarenal pelvis
parapelvic cyst
class 2 Bosniak renal cyst
epididymal cysts
testicular tumors
renal stones
penile vasculature
peripheral zone of the prostate
ejaculatory duct
tip of the right seminal vesicle
tip of the left lateral lobe of the prostate
mechanical waves
radar waves
microwaves
radio waves
small non-obstructive calculi might be missed at MRU performed for the evaluation of hematuria
in pediatrics, performing a dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging helps in evaluating crossing vessels in the setting of UPJ obstruction
the success of static-fluid MR urography depends on the presence of fluid within the urinary system regardless of renal function
MRU at 3T, carries the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
evaluating a probable bladder rupture
evaluating a probable colovesical or vesicovaginal fistulae
evaluating a probable intravesical pathology
evaluating a probable bladder diverticula
forniceal rupture
drained renal pelvis
high urine output
acute obstruction
diseases affecting the proximal convoluted tubules inhibit DMSA uptake
it is ideal to assess UPJ obstruction in adults
gentamicin and cisplatin inhibit the DMSA uptake
it allows better assessment of differential renal function
seminoma
embryonal cell tumor
mixed germ cell tumor
epidermoid cyst
an elimination T ½ < 10 minutes indicates obstructed system
the diuretic must be given at the maximum kidney activity
If ureteral stents are in place, the bladder catheter must be unclamped
99mTc-MAG3 is the agent of choice to study differential renal function and obstruction
repeated febrile UTI in children
evaluating a probable posterior urethral valve
a & b
none of the above
DTPA provides better quality images with renal insufficiency
by giving captopril, MAG3 plasma clearance declines in hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis but rises in those who do not have the disease
DTPA provides an excellent measurement of GFR
in pediatrics, MAG3 provides better quality images than DTPA
DTPA
DMSA
gallium-67
MAG-3
the classic blue dot sign
thick, short, edematous spermatic cord
absence of intratesticular blood flow
increased epididymal blood flow
intratesticular hematoma
testicular abscess
orchitis
sex cord stromal tumors
hippuran I-131
technetium-99m
gallium-67
indium-111labelled WBC
unilateral hydrocele
bilateral varicocele
calcifications at the renal area on plain KUB film
painless hematuria
malunion of lumbar and/or sacral vertebral bodies
pelvic bone diastasis
sacral agenesis
fracture of anterior pubic rami
using bladder scanner
measuring the voided urine
using abdominal ultrasonography
performing urinary catheterization
more than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2
more than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2
more than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2
none of the above
The higher the frequency, the deeper tissue penetration
The higher the frequency, the better the axial resolution
low-frequency transducers are of 6 to 10 MHz
the deeper tissue penetration, the better axial resolution
evaluation of probable ureteral obstruction
in conjunction with ureteroscopy
evaluation of hematuria
evaluation of probable ureterovesical reflux
air
water
fat
bone
blood clot
fibro-epithelial polyp
sloughed renal papilla
all of the above
coning at the bulbar urethra is normal
segmental narrowing at bulbar urethra is normal
multiple round filling defects could be air bubbles
indicated in urethral trauma cases
dark
intermediate
bright
none of the above