Copper
Magnesium
Silicon
Lead and bismuth
D. Lead and bismuth
It easily machinable
It brittle
It hard
The casting unsound
Nickel
Vanadium
Cobalt
Molybdenum
65% nickel, 15% chromium and 20% iron
68% nickel, 29% copper and 3% other constituents
80% nickel and 20% chromium
80% nickel, 14% chromium and 6% iron
Carbon
Vanadium
Manganese
Cobalt
Brass
Mild steel
Cast iron
Wrought iron
Carbon in the form of carbide
Low tensile strength
High compressive strength
All of these
Gun metal
Bronze
Bell metal
Babbitt metal
Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in compression
Ability to recover its original form
Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in tension
All of the above
0.8 %
Below 0.8 %
Above 0.8 %
None of these
Steel with 0.8% carbon is wholly pearlite
The amount of cementite increases with the increase in percentage of carbon in iron
A mechanical mixture of 87% cementite and 13% ferrite is called pearlite
The cementite is identified as round particles in the structure
30°C to 50°C above upper critical temperature
30°C to 50°C below upper critical temperature
30°C to 50°C above lower critical temperature
30°C to 50°C below lower critical temperature
Tin, lead and small percentage of antimony
Tin and lead
Tin, lead and silver
Tin and copper
Deformation under stress
Externally applied forces with breakdown or yielding
Fracture due to high impact loads
None of these
Refine grain structure
Reduce segregation in casting
Improve mechanical properties
Induce stresses
Air is burning out silicon and manganese
Silicon and manganese has burnt and carbon has started oxidising
The converter must be titled to remove the contents of the converter
The brown smoke does not occur during the operation of a Bessemer converter
Nickel, copper
Nickel, molybdenum
Zinc, tin, lead
Nickel, lead and tin
Low carbon steel
High carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
Chrome steel
Uranium
Thorium
Niobium
All of these
Copper, zinc and iron
Iron, nickel and copper
Iron, lead and tin
Iron, aluminium and magnesium
Cementite
Free graphite
Both A and B
None of these
Lead base alloy
Copper base alloy
Tin base alloy
Cadmium base alloy
Below 0.5 %
Below 1 %
Above 1 %
Above 2.2 %
High machinability
Low melting point
High tensile strength
All of the above
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties
Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anticorrosion properties
Aluminium
Low carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
High carbon steel
Vanadium 4%, chromium 18% and tungsten 1%
Vanadium 1%, chromium 4% and tungsten 18%
Vanadium 18%, chromium 1% and tungsten 4%
None of the above
Carbon in the form of free graphite
High tensile strength
Low compressive strength
All of these
Nickel, chromium and iron
Nickel, copper
Nickel, Chromium
Nickel, zinc
Cementite
Free carbon
Flakes
Spheroids
There is no change in grain size
The average grain size is a minimum
The grain size increases very rapidly
The grain size first increases and then decreases very rapidly