The manifestations of autonomic dysreflexia include:
hypotension and tachycardia
hypotension and bradycardia
hypertension and tachycardia
hypertension and bradycardia
Correct Answer :
D. hypertension and bradycardia
autonomic dysreflexia is a sympathetic over discharge due to noxious stimuli in a spinal cord injury above the T6 level.
Related Questions
Which disease is described best by the following manifestations: grand mal epilepsy, mental retardation, hypertension, angiomyolipoma, adenoma sebaceum, bilateral enlarged kidneys, and normal renal function?
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
von Hippel-Lindau disease
tuberous sclerosis
Sturge-Webber syndrome
What are the posterior relations of the kidneys?
quadratus lumborum and diaphragm
psoas and diaphragm
psoas and latissimus dorsi
transversus abdominus and paraspinous
Which organism is capable of proliferation in the urine and causing urethritis?
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Chlamydia trachomatis
E. coli
Neisseria gonorrhea
Which of the following diabetes mellitus treatments causes erectile dysfunction?
long-acting insulin
metformin
sulfonylurea
none of the above
Which organ contributes most to the seminal fluid volume?
testes
prostate
seminal vesicles
bulbourethral glands
The mature genitourinary system develops from all of the following embryonic sources, EXCEPT:
intermediate mesoderm
mesothelium of celomic cavity
endoderm of the urogenital sinus
somatic ectoderm
What is the nature of the prostate-specific antigen?
protease
lyase
carboxylase
hydrolase
To which region does pain, from the left mid ureter, refer to?
the loin region
the inguinal region
the umbilical region
the penis or clitoris
What is the most significant innervation of the vas deferens?
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
none of the above
In utero, which hormone stimulates the development of Wolffian ducts?
estradiol
DHT
FSH
testosterone
On tracing the IVU dye down, in a dilated ureter, the dilation stops at a level then continues as a normal calibre ureter. What could the pathology be?
lower ureteral stricture
ureteral valve
modified Lich-Gregoire ureteral reimplantation
residual dilation of hydroureter
What vessels are located in the prostate neurovascular bundle?
Watson plexus
capsular arteries and veins
inferior vesical and midrectal vessels
Santorini plexus
What causes ureteral dilation during pregnancy is:
mechanical compression by the gravid uterus
physiological increase urine flow during pregnancy
elevated levels of progesterone
reflex inhibition of ureteral contractions
What is the creatinine clearance in ml/min for a 70 kg man aging 50 yrs. with 1.1 mg/dL serum creatinine?
79.54
44.19
84.15
94.25
Which of the following is NOT a part of the urogenital diaphragm structures?
perineal membrane
deep transverse perineal muscle
urethral sphincter
Camper`s fascia
During fluoroscopy, what is the main source of radiation hazards that urologists could be exposed to?
scattered radiation from the unleaded wall
scattered radiation from the patient
scattered radiation from the floor and ceiling
radiation from the primary beam
Which of the following conditions could happen in chronic pancreatitis and malabsorption syndrome with steatorrhea?
hyperoxaluria
hypercalciuria
hyperuricosuria
hyperphosphateuria
What do the specialized cells, at the juxtaglomerular apparatus, produce?
erythropoietin
renin
angiotensin I
angiotensinogen
In which condition can NOT creatinine level be 1200 mg/dL?
an aspirate of pelvic urinoma
in untreated end-stage renal failure disease
a sample from a wound drain after pyeloplasty
a sample from suprapubic catheter
Which of the following is false regarding Addison`s disease?
autoimmune disease in 70% of the cases
diagnosed by the rapid ACTH stimulation test
characterized by low serum sodium and high potassium
may coexist with hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus
What is false concerning renal vasculature?
there are 4 surgical segments of the kidney, based on the segmental artery distribution
along the kidney convexity, there is an avascular plane
there are no collaterals between segmental arteries
in < 10%, the posterior branch is the first to branch off the renal artery
What is the prime effect of antidiuretic hormone on kidneys?
increase collecting duct permeability
increase medullary blood flow
decrease cortical blood flow
decrease potassium secretion
In utero, which hormone stimulates the development of the prostate gland?
estradiol
DHT
FSH
testosterone
What is false about purple urine bag syndrome?
occurs due to the interaction between the chemical components of the urine and polyvinyl chloride material in the urine bag
it is commonly symptomless
more common in female nursing home residents
commonly implicated bacteria are K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, E. coli
Which of the following mediates calcium reabsorption in the distal renal tubules?
aldosterone
hypocalcemia
parathyroid hormone
vitamin D
What are the abnormalities that might accompany complete ureteral duplications?
reflux to the upper pole ureter, obstruction to the lower pole ureter
reflux to the lower pole ureter, obstruction to the upper pole ureter
left ureteropelvic junction obstruction, right ureterocele
right ureteropelvic junction obstruction, left ureterocele
Which drug does NOT result in urinary retention?
terazosin, antihypertensive
benzodiazepines, psychotropic medicine
levodopa, anti-Parkinsonism medicine
brimonidine, glaucoma eye drops
Which statement explains the first event in the micturition reflex?
opening of internal bladder sphincter
fall in urethral pressure
rise in intravesical pressure
cessation of sphincter EMG activity
Which class of the following diuretics could cause erectile dysfunction?
loop diuretics
thiazide diuretics
potassium sparing diuretics
osmotic diuretics
Which type of urinary casts are solidified TammHorsfall mucoproteins secreted from the tubular epithelial cells of individual nephrons?
granular
hyaline
waxy
pigment